ADOPTIONS       LATEST ADOPTIONS          KIDS         APPLICATION             QUESTIONAIRE          DONATE         EMAIL  After hitting 800,000 visitors 02/26/08: Hit Counter

 

 

 

Randy Grim on CBS regarding the GAS CHAMBER!! Crosspost! OFF TOPIC 05/12/06

 
http://www.cbs46.com/Global/story.asp?S=4888493

Let's help ACOs, (animal control officers and shelter workers), have a more positive job by getting rid of

gas chambers by calling our state, county and city officials to use humane injection:

"Yes, I Gas Dogs and Cats for a Living.
I'm an Animal Control officer in a very small town in central North Carolina.
I'm in my mid thirties, and have been working for the town in different positions since high school.

There is not much work here, and working for the county provides good pay and benefits for a person like me without a higher education.  I'm the person you all write about how horrible I am.

I'm the one that gasses the dogs and cats and makes them suffer.  I'm the one that pulls their dead corpses out smelling of Carbon Monoxide and throws them into green plastic bags.  But I'm also the one that hates my job and hates what I have to do.

First off, all you people out there that judge me, don't. God is judging me, and I know I'm going to Hell.  Yes, I'm going to hell. I wont lie, it's despicable, cold, cruel and I feel like a serial killer.  I'm not all to blame, if the law would mandate spay and neuter, lots of these dogs and cats wouldn't be here for me to gas.  I'm the devil, I know it, but I want you people to see that there is another side to me the devil Gas Chamber man.
The shelter usually gasses on Friday morning. 

Friday's are the day that most people look forward to, this is the day that I hate, and wish that time will stand still on Thursday night.  Thursday night, late, after nobody's around, my friend and I go through a fast food line, and buy 50 dollars worth of cheeseburgers and fries, and chicken.  I'm not allowed to feed the dogs on Thursday, for I'm told that they will make a mess in the gas chamber, and why waste the food.
So, Thursday night, with the lights still closed, I go into the saddest room that anyone can every imagine, and let all the doomed dogs out out their cages.

I have never been bit, and in all my years doing this, the dogs have never fought over the food.  My buddy and I, open each wrapper of cheeseburger and chicken sandwich, and feed them to the skinny, starving dogs.  They swallow the food so fast, that I don't believe they even taste it.  There tails are wagging, and some don't even go for the food, they roll on their backs wanting a scratch on their bellys.  They start running, jumping and kissing me and my buddy.  They go back to their food, and come back to us.  All their eyes are on us with such trust and hope, and their tails wag so fast, that I have come out with black and blues on my thighs.. They devour the food, then it's time for them to devour some love and peace.  My buddy and I sit down on the dirty, pee stained concrete floor, and we let the dogs jump on us.  They lick us, they put their butts in the air to play, and they play with each other.  Some lick each other, but most are glued on me and my buddy. 

I look into the eyes of each dog. I give each dog a name.
They will not die without a name.
I give each dog 5 minutes of unconditional love and touch.
I talk to them, and tell them that I'm so sorry that tomorrow they will die a gruesome, long, torturous death at the hands of me in the gas chamber.
Some tilt their heads to try to understand.
I tell them, that they will be in a better place, and I beg them not to hate me.
I tell them that I know I'm going to hell, but they will all be playing with all the dogs and cats in heaven.
After about 30 minutes, I take each dog individually, into their feces filled concrete jail cell, and pet them and scratch them under their chins.
Some give me their paw, and I just want to die. I just want to die.
I close the jail cell on each dog, and ask them to forgive me.
As my buddy and I are walking out, we watch as every dog
is smiling at us and them don't even move their heads.
They will sleep, with a full belly, and a false sense of security.
As we walk out of the doomed dog room, my buddy and I go to the cat room.
We take our box, and put the very friendly kittens and pregnant cats in our box.
The shelter doesn't keep tabs on the cats, like they do the dogs.
As I hand pick which cats are going to make it out, I feel like I'm playing God, deciding whose going to live and die.
We take the cats into my truck, and put them on blankets in the back.
Usually, as soon as we start to drive away, there are purring cats sitting on our necks or rubbing against us.
My buddy and I take our one way two hour trip to a county that is very wealthy and they use injection to kill animals.
We go to exclusive neighborhoods, and let one or two cats out at a time.
They don't want to run, they want to stay with us. We shoo them away, which makes me feel sad.
I tell them that these rich people will adopt them, and if worse comes to worse and they do get put down, they will be put down with a painless needle being cradled by a loving veterinarian.
After the last cat is free, we drive back to our town.
It's about 5 in the morning now, about two hours until I have to gas my best friends.
I go home, take a shower, take my 4 anti-anxiety pills and drive to work.. I don't eat, I can't eat.
It's now time, to put these animals in the gas chamber. I put my ear plugs in, and when I go to the collect the dogs, the dogs are so excited to see me, that they jump up to kiss me and think they are going to play.
I put them in the rolling cage and take them to the gas chamber. They know. They just know. They can smell the death.. They can smell the fear.
They start whimpering, the second I put them in the box.
The boss tells me to squeeze in as many as I can to save on gas.
He watches. He knows I hate him, he knows I hate my job.
I do as I'm told. He watches until all the dogs, and cats (thrown in together) are fighting and screaming. The sounds is very muffled to me because of my ear plugs.
He walks out, I turn the gas on, and walk out.

I walk out as fast as I can.  I walk into the bathroom, and I take a pin and draw blood from my hand.  Why? The pain and blood takes my brain off of what I just did.
In 40 minutes, I have to go back and unload the dead animals.  I pray that none survived, which happens when I overstuff the chamber.  I pull them out with thick gloves, and the smell of carbon monoxide makes me sick.  So does the vomit and blood, and all the bowel movements.  I pull them out, put them in plastic bags.

They are in heaven now, I tell myself.  I then start cleaning up the mess, the mess, that YOU PEOPLE are creating by not spay or neutering your animals.  The mess that YOU PEOPLE are creating by not demanding that a vet come in and do this humanely. You ARE THE TAXPAYERS, DEMAND that this practice STOP!

So, don't call me the monster, the devil, the gasser, call the politicians, the shelter directors, and the county people the devil. Heck, call the governor, tell him to make it stop.

As usual, I will take sleeping pills tonight to drown out the screams I heard in the past, before I discovered the ear plugs.  I will jump and twitch in my sleep, and I believe I'm starting to hallucinate. 

This is my life.  Don't judge me. Believe me, I judge myself enough. "

 


 

Animal Advocates Call 'Gas Chambers' Inhumane
May 12, 2006 08:33 AM EDT
Email to a Friend Printer Friendly Version
 
 
Miracle Dog: How Quentin Survived the Gas Chamber to Speak for Animals on Death Row a new book by animal-welfare advocate Randy Grim tells the story of Quentin (pictured), the Basenji mix that survived the gas chamber at a Missouri pound.
Miracle Dog: How Quentin Survived the Gas Chamber to Speak for Animals on Death Row—a new book by animal-welfare advocate Randy Grim—tells the story of Quentin (pictured), the Basenji mix that survived the gas chamber at a Missouri pound.
 
 
Clayton Kill Shelter
 
Elsewhere on the Web
Death Row Dog Rescue
SPOT Society
 
 
Video Headlines  more>> 
CBS 46 Video Player
 
 

 
Clayton Shelter Kills
 
 
Deer in Distress: Who's to Blame?
 
Clayton Kill Shelter
 
Delay in deer rescue
 

 

 

 

(CBS 46 News) --- Public records indicate Metro shelters kill nearly 87-thousand dogs and cats each year.    

Of the animals taken in...   Cobb County shelters kill 44.7%. Gwinnett 51.3%. Fulton 52.1%. DeKalb, much higher. 78.9%. That's nearly four out of five... killed. 

Several grass roots organizations are taking issue with how many are killed... And 'how' it's being done.

 Randy Grim runs two no-kill shelters in St. Louis. Even he knows animal control means killing unwanted animals. But, he calls carbon monoxide chambers "inhumane."

Grim says, "...look through a little window, and I could see the fighting, the yelling, the screaming, and one dog having seizures and blood coming out of his nose -- horrible." 

   Animal Lover Erin Dougherty agrees. She's appalled that Clayton County gases animals several times every week. "It reminded me of World War II and I just thought that it was a travesty."

   Randy's buddy is Quentin, a lively Basenji mix who somehow survived the gas chamber. Grim says, "When they opened up the gas chamber, everyone was dead. There were eight dogs. And Quentin was standing on top of a mound of dead dogs, wagging his tail, unphased. " 

   Now, they tour the country, delivering checks to grass roots organizations. Death Row Dogs will use Randy's five-thousand dollars to rescue 20-dogs. Everyone here knows, it's not enough.

   Grim says " We've made so many positive changes in St. Louis, and I'm trying to understand why isn't there progress being made here."

    Dekalb County pet lovers put CEO Vernon Jones in the dog house this week, angrily "booing" him over the county's animal control record.  

Death Row Dogs' Beth Martin says Jones is actually one of the only officials doing something to help pets. But, she says, "Georgia needs to have a strong spay and neuter program that's publicized statewide."

 Beyond that, people meeting Wednesday at Barking Hound Village on Cheshire Bridge Road say GAS chambers are no cheaper than hiring a vet to administer humane, lethal injections. Martin insists, "It's a matter of compassion. It's a matter of awareness and compassion. It's not money."
 

 
Death row Dog
 
Several grass roots organizations are taking issue on how many dogs are killed and how it's done.
 

 

If you wish to know everything that has been written about Gas Chambers without having to read through all the articles below,

Here it is summarized: (If Lethal Injection, also called IV or EBI, is less expensive,  and more efficient, and Gas Chamber, also called CO Chambers, less efficient and humane, and  hazardous to personnel, according to the AHA, HSUS and AVMA, NIOSH then why are some states still using Gas Chambers?

Headlines:

Animal Gas Chambers Draw Fire in U.S.
Maryann Mott
for National Geographic News
April 11, 2005

"Doug Fakkema, an animal-euthanasia expert, said that, in theory, the gas chamber doesn't sound bad, but in reality it's awful.
"The animal is in a warm or hot box, usually with other animals. They don't know what's going on. The hiss of the gas is going on inside. They get dizzy, and they panic," he said. Fights can break out, and animals' calls can sometimes be heard.
Today most private and city animal shelters euthanize animals with sodium pentobarbital, a controlled substance that is injected into one of a dog or cat's veins. Animals die in seconds, experts say, and without pain or suffering." "Currently 13 states, including California, Florida, and New York, require animal shelters to perform death by injection, according to the AHA.
In the rural farming community of Enoch, Utah, the animal shelter's brick gas chamber uses carbon monoxide exhaust from an old pickup truck."

From Animal Issues, Volume 32 Number 2, Summer 2001

"The euthanasia method of choice for use in animal shelters is the injection of an overdose of a barbiturate anesthetic called sodium pentobarbital. In API's view, it is the only acceptable method of euthanizing shelter animals." "This method is the most cost-effective and overall least expensive of all euthanasia techniques (according to the Michigan Humane Society, the cost of lethal injection, materials and labor is $2.88 per animal). It does require adequate staff training, and because each animal is handled individually, it is somewhat more emotionally taxing to workers than mass euthanasia methods. The injection process allows shelter staff to provide personal comfort to each animal in its last moments, which may greatly offset the emotional stress. Five states (CA,FL, ME, OR, PA) specify lethal injection (usually of a barbiturate) as the only allowable method of euthanasia, and similar laws are currently being considered in Tennessee and Rhode Island. About 20 states specifically allow lethal injection." " California banned the use of CO gas chambers for euthanasia effective January 1, 2001. Many injection givers initially resisted the change, because injection requires two workers and extended physical contact with the animal, but once they understood the process, they realized it is better for the animal, and actually less stressful for them." "Gas chambers have many limitations which make the method less practical, slower, more dangerous to staff (a shelter worker died of CO poisoning just last year), and ultimately more expensive than lethal injection. Abuse of the chamber is common. While shelter policies commonly require physical separation in individual cages and close observation of the process, in many cases animals are simply shoved into the chamber, the door sealed, the button pushed, and the employee walks away." "Ronald R. Grier and Tom L. Colvin's 1990 Euthanasia Guide for Animal Shelters recommends that all animals should be tranquilized before placement in the chamber -- something that is virtually never done in practice."

Recent Cases:
* "Vermilion Parish, LA. Animals are still euthanized by a regular 6-cylinder gasoline engine that pumps acrid exhaust gas into the small room where they are confined. Even though the gas is pumped through water to cool it a little, the fumes are still hot, irritating, and painful. Their skin and eyes burning, the animals die slowly and horribly." "A shelter should be there to care for animals, to relieve suffering -- not amplify or prolong it. An animal may have already suffered greatly prior to ending up at a shelter, and the unfamiliarity, confinement, and noise of the shelter environment is extremely stressful in and of itself. Therefore, we have an obligation to ensure that needless suffering is not that animal's tragic end to life."


* "Albuquerque, NM. An audit by the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) found many serious problems with the care of animals at the two city shelters. The audit team was so alarmed at the conditions that they issued a preliminary report blasting the treatment of animals. HSUS representatives found that dogs were killed by painful direct injections to the heart while conscious, a practice that even the lenient AVMA guidelines condemns as inhumane."

* "At least one community has had a major wake-up call. In Greensboro, NC, frustrated
Sheriff BJ Barnes, upset at learning that more than 75% of the animals entering his shelter were being killed, decided to televise the euthanasia of a dog on his weekly show. Viewers were shocked, but they also got the message: animal overpopulation is everyone's problem.
Adoptions from the local shelter skyrocketed, and local veterinarians
reported an increase in inquiries about spaying and neutering."

"The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) recommends the injection of sodium pentobarbital, prepared specifically for use as a euthanasia product, as the preferred agent for the euthanasia of companion animals. This method, when properly performed, has been found to be the most humane, safest, least stressful, and most professional choice by The HSUS, The American Humane Association, and the American Veterinary Medical Association." "Carbon Monoxide  (CO), when delivered in a properly manufactured and equipped chamber, is a conditionally acceptable method of euthanasia for some animals; however, The HSUS believes it is far less suitable than sodium pentobarbital. The many limitations of CO make the method less practical, considerably slower, and more expensive than lethal injection. Animals under four months of age have shown a resistance to hypoxia (oxygen deficiency). It is absolutely unacceptable to use CO for the euthanasia of dogs and cats who are old, under four months of age, sick, or injured. Because of these limitations, there must always be an acceptable backup method readily available." "Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (CO2) is not acceptable for routine use in animal care and control facilities for the euthanasia of companion animals. However, a commercially manufactured chamber using compressed cylinder CO2 may be acceptable for certain wildlife species. CO2 produced from dry ice or generated from any other method is condemned." "CO must be provided by compressed cylinder gas, be used only in a chamber that has been commercially manufactured for CO euthanasia, and be properly maintained. The chamber must be designed to minimize stress and to allow for the appropriate separation of animals. Chambers must never be overcrowded." Copyright © 1999 The Humane Society of the United States. All rights reserved.


AVMA PANEL 2000/2001 RECOMMENDATIONS: JAVMA, Vol 218, No. 5, March 1, 2001 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia 677

(Per the Animal Issue in 2001: "The report was revised in 2000; unfortunately, the updated version has significant problems, but nevertheless was passed and published by the AVMA, primarily through the force of will of a single individual who ramrodded it through -- over the reservations of the committee that produced it, as well as the unanimous disapproval of the organization's main governing body. The report fails to address the inappropriateness of CO for animals under 16 weeks of age, and sick, pregnant, injured, or old animals. In spite of the report's own statement that CO2 "may be distressing" especially to cats, it is included as an acceptable method of feline euthanasia."

Per HSUS ( Most recent statement): "HSUS considers the use of CO to be conditionally acceptable as long as certain criteria are followed. However, the many restrictions of this method make it nearly impossible for any shelter that uses the method to comply with recommendations, (HSUS or AVMA, for that matter)."

Per Jenny of Animal Shelter Reform May 2005: "the AVMA's Report on Euthanasia from 2000 was
really not written for shelters, and therefore is not practical in most shelter settings." "laws have passed since 2001 , following pressure by HSUS, local humane groups and concerned individuals and the death of a Chattanooga ACO from CO exposure."
 

AVMA PANEL 2000/2001 RECOMMENDATIONS:  JAVMA, Vol 218, No. 5, March 1, 2001 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia 677    (Summarized:)

 
ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL CONSIDERATIONS 
The need to minimize animal distress, including 
fear, anxiety, and apprehension, must be considered in 
determining the method of euthanasia. Gentle restraint 
(preferably in a familiar and safe environment), careful 
handling, and talking during euthanasia often have a 
calming effect on animals that are used to being handled. 
Sedation and/or anesthesia may assist in achieving 
the best conditions for euthanasia. 
(1) ability to induce loss of 
consciousness and death without causing pain, distress, 
anxiety, or apprehension;.

 

 
I. NONINHALANT PHARMACEUTICAL 
AGENTS 
The use of injectable euthanasia agents is the most 
rapid and reliable method of performing euthanasia. It 
is the most desirable method when it can be performed 
without causing fear or distress in the animal.

 

Recommendations—The advantages of using barbiturates 
for euthanasia in small animals far outweigh 
the disadvantages. Intravenous injection of a barbituric 
acid derivative is the preferred method for euthanasia 
of dogs, cats, other small animals, and horses. 
 
Intracardiac injection is acceptable 
only when performed on heavily sedated, anesthetized, 
or comatose animals.  [ ALSO KNOWN AS HEART STICKING AS DONE TO ALL ANIMALS IN OREM ANIMAL SHELTER TO DATE]
 
 
 
II. INHALANT AGENTS 
...chambers should not be overcrowded.
Disadvantages—(1) Animals may struggle and 
become anxious during induction of anesthesia 
because anesthetic vapors may be irritating and can 
induce excitement. ...
animals may become distressed prior to loss of 
consciousness. 
Animals placed together in chambers should be of the 
same species, and, if needed, should be restrained so 
that they will not hurt themselves or others. Chambers 
should not be overloaded and need to be kept clean to 
minimize odors that might distress animals subsequently 
euthanatized.
 
Any gas that is inhaled must reach a certain concentration 
in the alveoli before it can be effective; 
therefore, euthanasia with any of these 
agents takes some time. The suitability 
of a particular agent 
depends on whether an animal experiences distress 
between the time it begins to inhale the agent and the 
time it loses consciousness
Leaky or faulty equipment may lead to 
slow, distressful death and be hazardous to other animals 
and to personnel.
Personnel using CO must be instructed thoroughly in its use and 
must understand its hazards and limitations; (2) the 
CO chamber must be of the highest quality construction 
and should allow for separation of individual 
animals; (3) the CO source and chamber must be 
located in a well-ventilated environment, preferably 
out of doors; (4) the chamber must be well lit and 
have view ports that allow personnel direct observation 
of animals; 
For cats, inhalation of 60% CO2 
results in loss of consciousness within 45 seconds, and 
respiratory arrest within 5 minutes.
Several investigators have suggested that inhalation 
of high concentrations of CO2 may be distressing 
to animals,63-66 because the gas dissolves in moisture on 
the nasal mucosa.
Carbon monoxide is extremely hazardous for personnel 
because it is highly toxic and difficult to detect. 
Chronic exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide 
may be a health hazard, especially with regard to cardiovascular 
disease and teratogenic effects.
Subsequent studies have revealed that tranquilization with acepromazine 
significantly decreases behavioral and physiologic 
responses of dogs euthanatized with CO.97.
[THIS IS NOT DONE IN NORTHERN UTAH COUNTY SHELTER] 
In a study evaluating the physiologic and behavioral 
characteristics of dogs exposed to 6% CO in air, 
Chalifoux and Dallaire95 could not determine the precise 
time of loss of consciousness. Electroencephalographic 
recordings revealed 20 to 25 seconds of 
abnormal cortical function prior to loss of consciousness. 
It was during this period that the dogs became 
agitated and vocalized.
Loss of consciousness is preceded 
by hypoxemia and ventilatory stimulation, 
which may be distressing to the animal.
In one dog, ECG activity continued for 51 minutes. 
Tranquilization with acepromazine, in conjunction 
with N2 euthanasia of dogs
Regardless of flow rate, signs of panic and distress were 
evident.  
Although all dogs 
hyperventilated prior to loss of consciousness, the 
investigators concluded that this method induced 
death without pain. Following loss of consciousness, 
vocalization, gasping, convulsions, and muscular 
tremors developed in some dogs. At the end of a 5minute 
exposure period, all dogs were dead.

 NIOSH, National Institure for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2004 Report noted several other health and safety deficiencies to the staff with the CO Gas Chambers in animal shelter. There were no confined space entry procedures. Respiratory protection was not available. Operating procedures were undefined. There was no hazard communication program.

 Summaries done by Utah Gas Chamber Committee

 

Health Hazard Evaluations

 

HHE Search Results

HHE Report Information

Link to PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2004-0123-2939.pdf
HHE Number
HETA-2004-0123-2939
Title
Health hazard evaluation report, HETA 2004-0123-2939, City of Liberal Animal Shelter, Liberal, Kansas
Author
McCammon-J
Abstract
In February 2004, the City of Liberal, Kansas, asked the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for help in evaluating carbon monoxide (CO) exposures of employees that operate two euthanasia chambers at the city-run animal shelter. The Kansas Animal Health Department suspended use of the unvented chambers during a licensing inspection. The City requested NIOSH assistance in measuring employee CO exposure during operation of the chambers and modifying the chambers so that they could be again be used in a manner that would be acceptable to the Kansas Animal Health Department. In March 2004, NIOSH responded to the request by using direct-reading monitors to measure CO near the two chambers and in the breathing zone of workers that operated the empty chambers specifically for this investigation. (Operation of the chamber for this investigation was authorized by the licensing organization.) Past and present employees were interviewed about methods used to operate the chambers and symptoms experienced when the chambers were operated. NIOSH also gathered the following information: (1) details about the death of a Tennessee animal shelter worker during operation of a similar chamber; (2) the extent of use of CO euthanasia chambers across the United States; (3) policies and guidelines of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), and the National Animal Control Association (NACA) related to the appropriate use of CO for euthanasia in animal shelters; and (4) classification of such chambers as a "confined space" by NIOSH and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). When CO was introduced into the chamber, CO concentrations near the chamber rapidly exceed the NIOSH ceiling limit of 200 parts per million (ppm). The NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health value of 1,200 ppm was exceeded in one instance. Peak CO concentrations in the general area during CO introduction were 800 ppm to 950 ppm, and greater than 1,200 ppm (the maximum range of the sampling instruments). Slowing the delivery rate of CO resulted in much lower concentrations near the chamber. When the chambers were opened, CO concentrations in the general area of the chambers ranged from 400 ppm to >1,200 ppm for several minutes. CO concentrations inside the chambers remained above 1,200 for an undetermined length of time. Employee exposures during this investigation were impacted by the fact that normal tasks were not conducted, and also that employees appropriately removed themselves from exposure when their CO monitors alerted them to the severity of the hazard. During two occasions of chamber operation, employees were exposed to maximum CO concentrations of 380 ppm and 945 ppm before they were able to move to safer locations. NIOSH noted several other health and safety deficiencies. There were no confined space entry procedures. Respiratory protection was not available. Operating procedures were undefined. There was no hazard communication program. There was no program for employee training. There were no warning signs related to the CO hazard. There was no emergency action plan. The employer had not assessed the workplace to determine if hazards were present. The NIOSH investigator concluded that the use of homemade CO chambers, such as the one investigated here, presents an unacceptable health risk to animal shelter employees. Suggestions for reducing this risk are included in the Recommendations section of this report. Modification of the existing chambers was not an acceptable control method, and thus no recommendations were provided in that regard.

Vicki Katrinak in our Government Affairs dept. asked me to contact you regarding euthanasia laws and methods, and the HSUS Statement on Euthanasia. We are in the process of finalizing our current statement on euthanasia, which includes a detailed summary of euthanasia methods and direct licensing laws. It should be available for public access in the next month and I will be happy to send it to you when it is available.
In the meantime, I will provide you with our general stance on the issue. I don't know what charts Vicki has sent you so I attached several.

Providing a humane death is one of the most critical responsibilities of those in the animal care and sheltering field. By "humane" we mean that every euthanasia must result in painless unconsciousness, followed by respiratory, then cardiac arrest, and then death.

There are many factors in considering euthanasia methods, including the number and types of animals handled, the number of employees available, the training available for euthanasia personnel, and legal limitations.
Shelter management should evaluate euthanasia procedures frequently to ensure that animals are being handled properly, and that staff is competent, compassionate, and properly trained.

We recommend the intravenous (IV) injection of sodium pentobarbital as the preferred agent for the euthanasia of dogs and cats. This method, when properly performed, has been found to be the most humane, safest, least stressful, and most professional choice by The HSUS, the American Veterinary Medical Association, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, American Humane Association, and the National Animal Control Association.

Sodium pentobarbital is a Schedule II barbiturate, which means it is a federally controlled substance; it can only be purchased using a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) registration and order form, and is subject to federal security and record-keeping requirements. Its use is carefully controlled by state laws and regulations.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an unacceptable method of euthanasia where sodium pentobarbital can be legally obtained by shelters. The many limitations of CO make the method less practical, considerably slower, and more expensive than lethal injection. For those states where shelters cannot legally obtain and adminster sodium pentobarbital, The HSUS considers the use of CO a conditionally acceptable method of euthanasia for some animals when delivered by a commercially manufactured and properly equipped chamber. Only cool bottled, commercial-grade gas must be used; engine or chemically-generated gas is not acceptable due to impurities and heat, which make its use painful and inhumane. The HSUS urges all agencies currently using CO to partner with a local vet who can perform euthanasia by injection and to contact your legislators to inform them of the need for direct licensing.

It is always unacceptable to use CO for the euthanasia of old, sick, or injured animals. They may have poor blood pressure or weak hearts, which may delay the effects of CO, causing them to experience distress prior to unconsciousness. Animals under the age of four months may not have the lung capacity to inhale enough CO to be effective. In pregnant animals, it is likely that the mother will die from exposure to CO before the unborn puppies/kittens. Consequently, it is possible that the puppies/kittens will die as a result of the mother's death (by suffocating to death) rather than from exposure to CO.

There are health risks posed by CO for staff involved in its use and they should be educated on safety measures.

The HSUS is actively working to change state laws to allow access to sodium pentobarbital through direct licensing. The HSUS offers euthanasia and compassion fatigue training around the country and has published an instructional book on euthanasia entitled The HSUS Euthanasia Training Manual. The manual covers euthanasia methods for a variety of animal species including wildlife. To order the manual, please send $22.95 (including shipping and handling) to The HSUS, 2100 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; call (202) 452-1100; or order online at www.AnimalSheltering.org .

To see the Carbon Monoxide vs. Sodium Pentobarbital Cost Analysis Worksheet please visit www.animalsheltering.org  or reference Table 14.1 in The HSUS Euthanasia Training Manual.
To see the May 2004 investigation of CO exposures related to the use of CO euthanasia chambers by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention go to www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/hhesearch.html .

I hope this information is helpful to you.

Thanks,

Cory

Cory Smith
Program Manager, Animal Sheltering Issues Humane Society of the United States 2100 L St NW, Washington DC 20037
(301) 258-3132
fax (301) 258-3081
casmith@hsus.org
www.AnimalSheltering.org


(http://news.nationalgeographic.com/)  

National Geographic News

 

NEWS

Front Page > Animals & Nature

Animal Gas Chambers Draw Fire in U.S.

Maryann Mott
for National Geographic News

April 11, 2005

When animal-shelter employee Rosemary Ficken opened the door to the St. Louis pound's gas chamber one August day in 2003, she couldn't believe her eyes: A reddish brown mutt, standing on top of six dead dogs, was still alive.

In the shelter's 64 year history, no dog had ever survived the chamber's noxious fumes.

Unwilling to close the door and re-gas the dog, Ficken called Randy Grim, the founder of Stray Rescue of St. Louis. The Missouri organization rescues abused and neglected animals, restores them to health, and places them in new homes.

Grim retrieved the big-eared Basenji mix and named him Quentin after California's San Quentin prison.

Quentin's life was spared that day, but many others are not so lucky. Nearly four million dogs and cats in the United States are put to death in shelters each year.

Carbon monoxide gas chambers—a euthanasia method used since World War II—are routinely used in animal shelters throughout the country, including Rhode Island, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia.

The American Veterinary Medical Association—whose euthanasia guidelines are widely followed—considers carbon monoxide gassing an acceptable method when done in a properly manufactured and equipped chamber. Many animal-welfare advocates, though, say the method is inhumane.

"It's America's dirty little secret," said Grim, who has written the book Miracle Dog: How Quentin Survived the Gas Chamber to Speak for Animals on Death Row (Alpine Publishing). "If people actually saw the gas chamber working, they would sign a petition tomorrow to ban it."

Due to Grim's fundraising and lobbying efforts, the St. Louis gas chamber shut down in January of this year.

The Euthanasia Process

From start to finish, the process of gassing an animal takes about 25 minutes. One or more animals are placed in an airtight chamber, and a high concentration of bottled carbon monoxide gas is released.

Cats and dogs are rendered unconscious within a minute, then eventually die from lack of oxygen.

Doug Fakkema, an animal-euthanasia expert, said that, in theory, the gas chamber doesn't sound bad, but in reality it's awful.

"The animal is in a warm or hot box, usually with other animals. They don't know what's going on. The hiss of the gas is going on inside. They get dizzy, and they panic," he said. Fights can break out, and animals' calls can sometimes be heard.

Today most private and city animal shelters euthanize animals with sodium pentobarbital, a controlled substance that is injected into one of a dog or cat's veins. Animals die in seconds, experts say, and without pain or suffering.

Private-practice animal hospitals also use sodium pentobarbital to euthanize sick and old family pets.

The American Humane Association (AHA), an animal- and child-welfare nonprofit, says that lethal injection is the only acceptable method for putting down dogs and cats.

Currently 13 states, including California, Florida, and New York, require animal shelters to perform death by injection, according to the AHA.

In the rural farming community of Enoch, Utah, the animal shelter's brick gas chamber uses carbon monoxide exhaust from an old pickup truck.

The city was heavily criticized for its method by animal welfare organizations in 2002. To put the controversy to rest, the city hired a veterinarian to perform a necropsy on a 50-pound (23-kilogram) dog euthanized in the shelter's gas chamber.

His report found that there was no evidence of heat injury to the dog's respiratory tract. No mouth or foot abrasions were found, indicating the dog did not try to escape.

Enoch's animal-control officer, Jim Mitchell, said the shelter will soon use bottled carbon monoxide gas, because a newly constructed addition to the shelter is blocking the truck's access to the chamber.

The shelter, however, will not switch to sodium pentobarbital, Mitchell said. "Unless you have an actual veterinarian on site to administer and supervise the process, in my mind euthanization by injection is inhumane."

Mitchell explained that only aggressive dogs are put down at the Enoch shelter, adding that the animals would have to be held with a control stick while a lethal injection was administered to their muscle or chest cavity. (A control stick is a metal pole with a wire loop that tightens around an animal's neck.)

He also noted that the massive overdose of barbiturates may take as long as 20 to 30 minutes to take effect if injected into a dog's chest, during which time a dog would be stressed and possibly have convulsions.

Injecting sodium pentobarbital into an animals muscle or chest cavity, however, is not an acceptable practice, according to the American Veterinary Medical Associations Euthanasia Report released in 2000.

Aggressive or fearful animals should be sedated prior to intravenous (within the vein) administration of the drug, the report states.

Proper Training Urged

Jodi Buckman, director of animal-protection services for the American Humane Association, said training shelter workers on proper euthanasia techniques is important.

"We want them to be the most humane people in our communities, because they are taking care of the homeless animals that no one else has taken responsibility for," she said.

Currently four states—Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, and Nebraska—require special training for workers who use lethal injection to euthanize animals.

Animal welfare advocates say euthanasia rates are on the decline. Experts attribute the decline in large part to aggressive spay and neuter programs initiated by shelters and humane societies.

In some parts of the United States, adoptable animals are now even in demand.

To cover the shortfall, volunteers drive to areas where a severe overpopulation still exists, then take dogs and cats to cities seeking adoptable pets.

The retail giant PETsMART recently built a custom bus specifically for this purpose. The Rescue Waggin' program will save more than 4,000 pets annually, the company says.

"Probably within ten years the only animals that will still have to be euthanized are those suffering, health-wise, or [those] that are too dangerous to adopt out," Fakkema, the euthanasia expert, said.

 

 

Miracle Dog: How Quentin Survived the Gas Chamber to Speak for Animals on Death Row—a new book by animal-welfare advocate Randy Grim—tells the story of Quentin (pictured), the Basenji mix that survived the gas chamber at a Missouri pound.

Photograph courtesy Randy Grim

 

 
 
___________________________________________________________-